Properties of Bacterial-based Self-healing Concrete- A review. C. Karthik R. Rao. Materials Science, Engineering. 2016. The phenomenon formation of micro-cracks in concrete is common, this leads to costly maintenance. Concrete needs to be repaired. This causes degradation of concrete leads to ingress of deterious….Aug 16, 2023 · Pour enough dry concrete mix into a 5-gallon bucket to repair cracks and patch damaged areas. Sand mix or concrete resurfacer, which doesn't contain gravel, may be used if the spot to be fixed isn't large or deep. A standard concrete mix that has gravel works best for patching large or deep areas. 10 Before-and-After Garage Makeovers …Step 1: Scrub it Clean. First, scrub the crack clean of any loose concrete, paint or old filler using a wire brush. Remove all dust and debris with a shop vacuum. Step 2: Use a Nail to …Generally, 1/16 to 1/4-inch-wide cracks is acceptable limits. The American Concrete Institute as per ACI 302.1-04 addresses this issue, even the best construction & concreting cannot prevent cracking in concrete, and 0% cracks is an unrealistic thing. Causes of Cracks in Concrete Causes of cracks in concrete can be many summarized as:Mar 6, 2013 · This method was successfully used in crack repair applications, and the concrete cracks were healed by filling them with CaCO 3 (Chintalapudi et al., 2017;Feng etal., 2021; ...Feb 17, 2023 · Foundation crack repair costs between $250 and $800, but if the damage is bad enough, a new concrete slab costs between $3,600 and $7,200 to pour. A concrete patio costs $2,942 on average to rebuild.4 days ago · Step 3. Sweep the concrete around the crack with a broom to collect dust. Sweep this dust onto the caulk that is in the crack. The concrete dust will cover the caulk and make the repair look exactly like concrete. Once dry, you won't be able to see the crack. If you have a concrete driveway, patio, walkway or any other concrete structure with ...When it comes to maintaining the structural integrity of a building, addressing concrete slab leaks is crucial. A concrete slab leak occurs when there is a break or crack in the co...3 days ago · The cracking phenomenon. When placed concrete typically contains more water than is required for hydration of the cement. As the concrete hardens and starts to lose the excess water, shrinkage begins. If the concrete is unrestrained, no cracks will develop. But it is virtually impossible to support a structure of any appreciable size …Apr 27, 2012 · Scrub the entire length of the crack with a wire brush to remove any loose concrete or debris. Brush on a layer of bonding adhesive along the length of the crack with a paintbrush. Fill in the crack with latex-fortified patching compound, packing it into the crack with a trowel and then feathering the edges to even them out with the rest of the ... Clean out any loose material from the crack. Any loose gravel or debris in the crack will keep the filler material from properly bonding, and the repair won’t hold. Apply a thin layer of bonding adhesive. This step is frequently neglected but is critical for ensuring that the sealer/ filler adheres to the existing concrete structure. Sep 15, 2021 · Repair your pavement in the spring or fall. Spring and fall are ideal for paving and concrete crack repair. The weather is cool but not freezing, and there are usually predictable periods during which it won’t rain. While every season has its own weather drawbacks, spring and fall are usually better bets. Fall, especially, is a good time for ...Oct 12, 2011 · How to Repair, Seal and Waterproof Cracks in Concrete: This video shows you how to fill and repair cracks in concrete floors by sealing and waterproofing th... Jan 22, 2024 · Once clean, add some sand to your concrete crack. Next, cut your pool noodle to fit the gap. Although you can use scissors, a utility knife might work best. For jagged cracks, you might need to cut your pool noodles into multiple sections. After you've done all this, tape off the edges of the crack. This prevents the sealant from running out.Oct 6, 2012 · Insert Foam Tubing (aka Polyfoam Caulk Saver) into Large Cracks-Step 2. The crack I had to repair was about 1/2 inch wide. Although Sakrete crack filler can be used for cracks up to this size it’s best to fill in large gaps with the foam tubing. The foam tubing should be slightly wider than the crack to create a tight fit.Are you in need of a reliable and trustworthy Apple repair store near you? Whether your iPhone screen is cracked, your MacBook is running slow, or your iPad won’t turn on, finding ...Oct 22, 2022 · 3) Spalling defects in concrete. Spalling is a type of defect that can occur in concrete. It is characterized by the flaking or chipping away of the concrete surface. This can happen due to a number of reasons, including freezing temperatures, exposure to chemicals, or even just wear and tear over time.🕑 Reading time: 1 minute Plastic Shrinkage Cracks in Concrete and Its Prevention Cracking caused by plastic shrinkage in concrete occurs most commonly on the exposed surfaces of freshly placed floors and slabs or other elements with large surface areas when they are subjected to a very rapid loss of moisture caused by low humidity and wind or high …Mar 1, 2024 · 3. Hairline Cracks. Hairline cracks form due to concrete settling while it’s curing. They are usually very thin cracks, but they can run very deep in the slab, as well. Because hairline cracks run deep, they pose a risk for more serious cracking once the concrete has hardened. May 19, 2021 · How To Fix Cracks In Concrete: 4 Best Methods. Handyman’s World Editorial TeamHandyman’s World is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com.To repair cracks in concrete and brick paths, it is important to properly prepare the cracked surface. This section will discuss the necessary steps for a strong and long-lasting repair. Begin by thoroughly cleaning the area and removing any loose debris that could interfere with the repair process. By following these essential preparatory ...Concrete driveways are a popular choice for homeowners due to their durability and low maintenance. However, one common issue that can arise is oil stains. Whether it’s from a leak...15 Mar 2023 ... Polyurea. Polyurea is a two-part, fast-setting, semi-rigid repair liquid used to mend cracks in concrete and repair spalled or damaged joints ...Cracks in concrete walls can be repaired with a liquid or paste elastomeric compound. The compound is squirted into the crack with a bottle or forced into the crack …Jan 24, 2024 · Rope-like crack filler is fast and easy to install in cracks and joints ½ inch to 1 inch wide. Melts with handheld torch and bonds to the sidewalls of the concrete opening. Forms a permanent seal ...Aug 18, 2023 · 2. Settlement and shifting of the ground. The ground beneath your pool deck is constantly shifting and settling. This natural movement can cause stress on the concrete, resulting in cracks. Factors such as soil composition, moisture levels, and nearby tree roots can exacerbate this issue. 3.Jun 22, 2023 · 5. Make the mortar flush by scraping it horizontally onto the damaged edges. Use a smaller trowel or paint scraper and scrape along the edges of the crack or hole where the concrete meets the mortar. Push the mortar so it is even with the concrete surface. Work around the whole border of the crack.May 16, 2021 · I guess I really am starting from the ground up. Before I can truly start to build my dream woodshop, I have to first do something about the crumbling concre... Steps on How to Repair Cracks in Concrete. Before you start, it’s essential to understand your abilities when it comes to fixing cracks on a concrete patio, driveway, or …Feb 6, 2024 · Apply masonry crack filler with a caulk gun, and push it down into the crack with a putty knife. Use a knife or trowel to scrape off excess epoxy or filler, and make the solution level with the ... Most LCD TV screens can be replaced or repaired by a professional. LCD screens are made of liquid crystal in between two pieces of glass with a plastic covering over the top. Crack...Sep 26, 2018 · Use of Peel-and Stick Surface Sealant Kits for Epoxy-Repair Cracks in Concrete Walls. For building surfaces that will remain exposed and where cosmetic appearance is a concern, It (and perhaps others) offers a stick-on injection port system that allows the crack material to be injected into a wall or floor crack to leave a smooth …Mar 1, 2021 · ACI 224.1-07 Causes, Evaluation, and Repair of Cracks in Concrete Structures, American Concrete Institute, www.concrete.org Technical Report No.22, Non-structural Cracks in Concrete, ...5 days ago · 1 Remove the damaged concrete from the path. Use your concrete saw to cut the damaged parts from the rest of the path. Then use your sledgehammer, or the blunt end of a crow bar, to break the damaged concrete into manageable pieces. Once that is done, use the blade of the crow bar to pry the broken concrete up so you can throw it away.9 Feb 2023 ... For dormant, non-structural cracks, routing, and sealing is the most common repair technique. While this technique is optimal for flat ...Jul 20, 2021 · Step 3: preparation of sealant. The most commonly used grout to fill concrete cracks is Portland cement mixed with water. You need to add enough water to make a good quality grout mix. Besides cement grout, you can go with any other filler material or sealant to fill out the cracks.May 9, 2022 · If the crack is wider than ⅛ inch, seal it with concrete crack filler. Cracks between ⅛ and ¼ of an inch often result from house settling or concrete shrinking within a few months after ...Feb 14, 2019 · Family Handyman. Fill the crack with urethane caulk, similar to what you would use for driveway caulk. It works perfectly as a concrete expansion joint sealant. Snip the opening of the tube at a 30-degree angle, making the opening the same size as your gap. Use a smooth, even motion, filling the crack flush with the surface, beveling it if it ...Jun 22, 2023 · 5. Make the mortar flush by scraping it horizontally onto the damaged edges. Use a smaller trowel or paint scraper and scrape along the edges of the crack or hole where the concrete meets the mortar. Push the mortar so it is even with the concrete surface. Work around the whole border of the crack.4 days ago · Step 2: Fill the crack. Next, fill the crack with a high-quality concrete patching compound. Be sure to choose a product specifically designed for filling cracks in concrete floors. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions on how to apply the patching compound. Typically, you’ll need to mix the combination with water and then apply it to the ...A small crack in a windshield is not something you should ignore. Extreme temperature changes or a bump could turn a small chip into a huge crack. Follow these steps to make the re... Fixing a fractured foundation with This Old House general contractor Tom Silva. (See below for a shopping list and tools.)SUBSCRIBE to This Old House: http:/... Jan 7, 2021 · The first and most common reason your concrete planter pot cracked is because the mix contained too much water. The more water that is in the mix, the better the chance that as it evaporates, the concrete will shrink. Concrete by nature will shrink, but the extra water can cause it to shrink too much or quickly.The acceptable width of larger cracks depends on the structure, the crack size and the environment. This bulletin explains how minor non-structural crack ... Mix thoroughly for three minutes with an electric drill and paddle mixer. Use a trowel to apply concrete fix to the prepared substrate and smooth it into the crack or to form the desired shape. Apply Sika Concrete Fix to corners using a shaped trowel. The paste cures rock-hard, so make sure you clean all tools and surfaces using Sika Colma ... How to Repair Cracks in Concrete. By. Mark Johanson. Updated Aug 17, 2022. Image Credit: Schroder Concrete. Concrete is one of the oldest and most durable …Step 1. Widen the crack using a chisel and hammer to a minimum of ¼ inch and break away any deteriorating concrete (the edges of the crack should be vertical or beveled in an inverted “v”). NOTE: for vertical cracks less than 1/2-inch wide and for cosmetic repairs, the best option is to use a textured acrylic caulk. Step 2.A well-maintained driveway offers curb appeal and safety around your home. We’ve rounded up some sound advice for homeowners like yourself, whether your vision includes sliding dri...As a car owner, you know that your windscreen is a key component of your vehicle’s safety features. A damaged or cracked windscreen can compromise your ability to see the road clea...Sep 16, 2020 · Flexibility is key to a good sealant. Because concrete expands and contracts slightly with temperature changes, the sealant needs enough give to not pull away from the edges of the crack. Before ...Reading time: 14 minutes. There are several methods of concrete crack repair such as epoxy injection, routing and sealing, grouting, stitching, drilling and plugging, gravity filling of cracks in concrete. Details of these methods for the selection of suitable methods for different types of cracks in concrete are discussed.Oct 18, 2022 · Here are the five main reasons that can cause concrete to crack: 1. PLASTIC SHRINKAGE. Concrete is made up of cement and water. As the concrete hardens and the water evaporates, the concrete shrinks. Too much water will lead to too much shrinkage, causing the concrete to crack. That’s why concrete cracks are frequently seen within the …3 days ago · Use a concrete and asphalt cleaner to scrub the area and rinse with water. Mix according to the package directions. The ratio is typically 10 ounces of water to 5 pounds of vinyl patch. Firmly press the prepared vinyl patch material into the crack using a trowel. Only apply a ¼” layer at a time.Nov 14, 2023 · The best concrete crack repair method depends on the cracks’ severity, type, and location, but I think using QUIKRETE sealers is an optimal option for DIY homeowners hoping to fix concrete driveways on their own. Here’s everything you need to know about why your concrete driveway is cracking and how to fix it using QUIKRETE sealers.🕑 Reading time: 1 minuteActive cracks in concrete are live cracks which expand in length, width, and depth over time. These cracks are formed due to overloading and thermal expansion e.g. cracks due to freeze-thaw. Common methods to repair active cracks are drilling and plugging, stitching, external prestressing and flexible sealing of cracks. …9 Aug 2021 ... Four methods to repair concrete cracks · Epoxy Injections · Routing and Sealing · Stitching the Cracks · Drilling and Plugging. If you ne...Aug 16, 2023 · Pour enough dry concrete mix into a 5-gallon bucket to repair cracks and patch damaged areas. Sand mix or concrete resurfacer, which doesn't contain gravel, may be used if the spot to be fixed isn't large or deep. A standard concrete mix that has gravel works best for patching large or deep areas. 10 Before-and-After Garage Makeovers …5 days ago · Hold the handle firmly in your hand and align the length of the chisel blade to the side of the crack at a backward angle (45° works well). Ensure that the bevel and the concrete surface are parallel to each other. Strike the head of your chisel using a sledgehammer with reasonable force. Mix thoroughly for three minutes with an electric drill and paddle mixer. Use a trowel to apply concrete fix to the prepared substrate and smooth it into the crack or to form the desired shape. Apply Sika Concrete Fix to corners using a shaped trowel. The paste cures rock-hard, so make sure you clean all tools and surfaces using Sika Colma ... Aug 18, 2023 · 2. Settlement and shifting of the ground. The ground beneath your pool deck is constantly shifting and settling. This natural movement can cause stress on the concrete, resulting in cracks. Factors such as soil composition, moisture levels, and nearby tree roots can exacerbate this issue. 3. Prepare the Damaged Area. Make sure the damaged area is clean and cleared of debris before you start repairing concrete steps. Sweep the broken area, removing weeds, dirt and broken concrete chips. Scrub the damaged area with a stiff, wet brush, such as a wire brush. If possible, pressure wash the damaged parts of the steps. To repair cracks in concrete and brick paths, it is important to properly prepare the cracked surface. This section will discuss the necessary steps for a strong and long-lasting repair. Begin by thoroughly cleaning the area and removing any loose debris that could interfere with the repair process. By following these essential preparatory ...10 Jan 2023 ... 2. Use a Backer Rod & Flexible Sealant. When repairing a static crack or control joint, the standard protocol is to fill the full thickness of ...2 Oct 2023 ... How to Resurface a Concrete Driveway · Step 1: Remove Debris. If a crack is less than a quarter-inch, it's a prime candidate for simple ...Oct 18, 2022 · Here are the five main reasons that can cause concrete to crack: 1. PLASTIC SHRINKAGE. Concrete is made up of cement and water. As the concrete hardens and the water evaporates, the concrete shrinks. Too much water will lead to too much shrinkage, causing the concrete to crack. That’s why concrete cracks are frequently seen within the …To find out if RenuKrete is a good fit for your project, click here. If you would like to get rid of cracks in your concrete pool deck, patio, walkway or porch, and transform your deck or patio to the look and feel of natural stone, call us today! 800-406-5010. Fixing cracks in concrete decks, patios and walkways with RenuKrete resurfacing.Dec 27, 2022 · Use a caulk gun to fill the crack with the urethane compound. Load the caulk cartridge into the cradle of a caulk gun, then snip about 1⁄8 in (0.32 cm) off of the tip. Squeeze the trigger and slowly run a bead of caulk into the crack. Pause periodically so the compound can seep into the crack as deeply as possible.Reading time: 14 minutes. There are several methods of concrete crack repair such as epoxy injection, routing and sealing, grouting, stitching, drilling and plugging, gravity filling of cracks in concrete. Details of these methods for the selection of suitable methods for different types of cracks in concrete are discussed.The ARDEX Concrete Crack Repair & Injection Range uses a high strength, rapid setting two-part system to repair concrete damage from hairline cracks right through to structural repairs. These products are ideal for repairing holes, spalls and cracks in concrete, in internal as well as external situations where heavy duty vehicle traffic is anticipated. …Crackweld is a concrete crack injection repair product that you can use to repair cracks in concrete floors, slabs, and driveways. It can also be used to repair concrete spalling, holes in concrete, and pitted concrete floors. It's actually a 2-part polymer resin (see below) that's much easier to use than the 2-part epoxy repair products.Screen repairs have become a common necessity for many individuals in today’s digital age. Whether it’s a cracked smartphone screen or a damaged laptop display, finding reliable an...Learn how to fix cracks in a concrete driveway with different methods, depending on the size and cause of the crack. Find out what tools and materials you …In instances where cracks appear in the mortar joints, a recommended approach is to carefully fill these gaps using mortar to restore the structural integrity of the fireplace. This comprehensive guide delves into the causes behind a crack in the fireplace, explores repair options, and provides valuable tips for maintaining your fireplace’s ...Nov 26, 2019 · Abstract and Figures. In this paper, we studied the crack-repair by spraying bacteria-based liquid around the cracks in concrete. To enhance the repair efficiency and speed up the repair process ...Aug 5, 2020 · It's easy to DIY repairs for cracks in your garage floor. We like our DGF700 Crack Repair because the two different chemicals you need mix right in the tube ... Aug 21, 2023 · The Spruce: How to Fix Cracks in a Concrete Patio Short Description: Learn how to repair cracks in a concrete patio with easy-to-follow instructions and helpful visuals. This Old House: Fixing Cracks in Concrete Short Description: Expert advice and tips on fixing cracks in concrete, including valuable insights for tackling various crack sizes. FAQsNov 13, 2023 · Defects in concrete structures - with focus on identifying concrete cracks and how to fix them. Defects in concrete structures can occur during and after construction and different types of defects can form for various reasons. In this article, our focus is on identifying cracks in concrete. We discuss the 7 most common types of concrete cracks, …A typical eggshell takes a little more than 5.5 pounds of force to crack. A 30-pound cement block can be supported by eight eggs spread out over the block, still in cardboard egg c...Nov 14, 2023 · The best concrete crack repair method depends on the cracks’ severity, type, and location, but I think using QUIKRETE sealers is an optimal option for DIY homeowners hoping to fix concrete driveways on their own. Here’s everything you need to know about why your concrete driveway is cracking and how to fix it using QUIKRETE sealers.Feb 14, 2019 · Family Handyman. Fill the crack with urethane caulk, similar to what you would use for driveway caulk. It works perfectly as a concrete expansion joint sealant. Snip the opening of the tube at a 30-degree angle, making the opening the same size as your gap. Use a smooth, even motion, filling the crack flush with the surface, beveling it if it ...Concrete slab leak repair can be a costly endeavor, but it is an essential one to ensure the structural integrity of your home. If you suspect a leak in your concrete slab, it is i...In instances where cracks appear in the mortar joints, a recommended approach is to carefully fill these gaps using mortar to restore the structural integrity of the fireplace. This comprehensive guide delves into the causes behind a crack in the fireplace, explores repair options, and provides valuable tips for maintaining your fireplace’s ...Jan 24, 2024 · Rope-like crack filler is fast and easy to install in cracks and joints ½ inch to 1 inch wide. Melts with handheld torch and bonds to the sidewalls of the concrete opening. Forms a permanent seal ...Feb 17, 2023 · Foundation crack repair costs between $250 and $800, but if the damage is bad enough, a new concrete slab costs between $3,600 and $7,200 to pour. A concrete patio costs $2,942 on average to rebuild.Oct 12, 2011 · How to Repair, Seal and Waterproof Cracks in Concrete: This video shows you how to fill and repair cracks in concrete floors by sealing and waterproofing th... 3 days ago · Use a concrete and asphalt cleaner to scrub the area and rinse with water. Mix according to the package directions. The ratio is typically 10 ounces of water to 5 pounds of vinyl patch. Firmly press the prepared vinyl patch material into the crack using a trowel. Only apply a ¼” layer at a time.Feb 14, 2019 · Family Handyman. Fill the crack with urethane caulk, similar to what you would use for driveway caulk. It works perfectly as a concrete expansion joint sealant. Snip the opening of the tube at a 30-degree angle, making the opening the same size as your gap. Use a smooth, even motion, filling the crack flush with the surface, beveling it if it ... Step 1: Repair a Foundation Crack With an Epoxy Sealer. Photo Geoffrey Gross. We repaired a foundation wall, which had an 8-ft.-long crack that leaked water into the basement during periods of heavy rainfall. To permanently patch the crack we used an epoxy-injection system from Polygem, called the Liquid Concrete Repair Kit (about $60). Mix thoroughly for three minutes with an electric drill and paddle mixer. Use a trowel to apply concrete fix to the prepared substrate and smooth it into the crack or to form the desired shape. Apply Sika Concrete Fix to corners using a shaped trowel. The paste cures rock-hard, so make sure you clean all tools and surfaces using Sika Colma ... Sep 26, 2018 · Use of Peel-and Stick Surface Sealant Kits for Epoxy-Repair Cracks in Concrete Walls. For building surfaces that will remain exposed and where cosmetic appearance is a concern, It (and perhaps others) offers a stick-on injection port system that allows the crack material to be injected into a wall or floor crack to leave a smooth …Mar 28, 2023 · Step 5: Level the crack up to the surrounding concrete surface to ensure there are no bumps or lows after the repair process. Step 6: Let the filling cure as per the time mentioned on the patching material. Step 7: Paint the surface with appropriate concrete paint after the compound has dried up.Jun 24, 2019 · Spread the Resurfacer. Family Handyman. Pour concrete resurfacing mixture into the crack and smooth it out with a rubber floor squeegee. Feather the edges to get the best appearance. Add water to the resurfacer mix to get the consistency of pancake batter for the concrete crack filler. Then fill the remainder of the groove and smooth it over.
3 days ago · The cracking phenomenon. When placed concrete typically contains more water than is required for hydration of the cement. As the concrete hardens and starts to lose the excess water, shrinkage begins. If the concrete is unrestrained, no cracks will develop. But it is virtually impossible to support a structure of any appreciable size …. Is fetch rewards safe
Immediately broadcast silica sand into the repair material (a light broadcast of sand, not too much) and let dry completely. When dry, grind or sand smooth. YES, to fill holes and chipped areas of concrete. Clean the area and make sure it is dry. Squirt some CrackWeld into a mixing cup and add silica sand. To effectively repair cracks in a concrete driveway, you will need the following materials: – Concrete crack filler: This is a specialised product designed to fill and seal cracks in concrete surfaces. It is available in different forms such as caulk tubes, cartridges or containers. The specific type of crack filler you choose will depend on ...Feb 27, 2024 · 4. Fill the Cracks. Use a trowel to work the concrete into the cracks. Use the edge if you need to, and try to get as much filler concrete inside the crack as possible. 5. Smooth the Cracks. After filling the cracks as completely as possible, use the trowel to smooth over the area and remove excess concrete.The bottom line is that the concrete should not crack anywhere near like the cracks that originally appeared but a hairline crack may develop. When you do the surface preparation correctly and apply a concrete resurfacing coating it will help to visually hide any cracks. So, in summary, we have a very good method for solving cracked concrete ...Are you in need of a screen repair service near you? Whether it’s a cracked smartphone screen or a broken laptop display, finding the right repair service can make all the differen...Feb 29, 2024 · Fill the Crack. With your compound ready to go, grab your trowel or putty knife and begin applying it into the crack. Make sure you fill the bottom of the crack first, pushing down. This process also helps to remove air bubbles. Keep on applying the mix until the entire crack is filled to the level of the concrete.2 Oct 2023 ... How to Resurface a Concrete Driveway · Step 1: Remove Debris. If a crack is less than a quarter-inch, it's a prime candidate for simple ...Nov 14, 2023 · The best concrete crack repair method depends on the cracks’ severity, type, and location, but I think using QUIKRETE sealers is an optimal option for DIY homeowners hoping to fix concrete driveways on their own. Here’s everything you need to know about why your concrete driveway is cracking and how to fix it using QUIKRETE sealers.20 May 2021 ... Quoting: Epoxies are recommended for structural cracks. Unlike polyurethane foams, epoxies will not expand. However, they cure to an incredibly ...To effectively repair cracks in a concrete driveway, you will need the following materials: – Concrete crack filler: This is a specialised product designed to fill and seal cracks in concrete surfaces. It is available in different forms such as caulk tubes, cartridges or containers. The specific type of crack filler you choose will depend on ...The type of concrete repair material can depend on the extent of the damage. Small areas with superficial chips or cracks may only need a concrete patching compound. A larger area with holes, crumbling ….